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The Armenian–Tatar massacres (also known as the Armenian-Tartar war and the Armeno-Tartar war and more recently, the Azeri-Armenian war〔Nicholas W. Miller. (Nagorno-Karabakh: A War without Peace ). Kristen Eichensehr (ed.), W. Michael Reisman (ed.) ''Stopping Wars and Making Peace: Studies in International Intervention''. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2009〕) refers to the bloody inter-ethnic confrontation between Armenians and Azerbaijanis (at the time commonly referred to as "Tatars")〔Suha Bolukbasi. (Nation-building in Azerbaijan ). Willem van Schendel (ed.), Erik Jan Zürcher (ed.). ''Identity politics in Central Asia and the Muslim world''. I.B.Tauris, 2001. "Until the 1905—6 Armeno-Tatar (the Azeris were called Tatars by Russia) war, localism was the main tenet of cultural identity among Azeri intellectuals."〕〔Joseph Russell Rudolph. (Hot spot: North America and Europe ). ABC-CLIO, 2008. "To these larger moments can be added dozens of lesser ones, such as the 1905-06 Armenian-Tartar wars that gave Azeris and Armenians an opportunity to kill one another in the areas of Armenia and Azerbaijan that were then controlled by Russia..."〕 throughout the Caucasus in 1905–1907.〔(Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Azerbaijan. History. )〕〔Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary. (Turks )〕〔Willem van Schendel, Erik Jan Zürcher. Identity Politics in Central Asia and the Muslim World: Nationalism, Ethnicity and Labour in the Twentieth Century. I.B.Tauris, 2001. ISBN 1-86064-261-6, ISBN 978-1-86064-261-6, p. 43〕 The massacres started during the Russian Revolution of 1905, and claimed hundreds of lives. The most violent clashes occurred in 1905 in February in Baku, in May in Nakhchivan, in August in Shusha and in November in Elizavetopol, heavily damaging the cities and the Baku oilfields. Some violence, although of lesser scale, broke out also in Tbilisi. According to professor Firuz Kazemzadeh, "it is impossible to pin the blame for the massacres on either side. It seems that in some cases (Baku, Elizavetpol) the Azerbaijanis fired the first shots, in other cases (Shusha, Tiflis) the Armenians."〔Firuz Kazemzadeh. ''Struggle For Transcaucasia (1917—1921)'', New York Philosophical Library, 1951〕 The clashes were not confined to the towns, and, according to Swietochowswki, citing Armenian sources 128 Armenian and 158 Azerbaijani villages were destroyed or pillaged,〔Cornell, Svante. ''Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus'', p. 69.〕 while the overall estimates of lives lost vary widely, ranging from 3,000 to 10,000, with Azerbaijanis suffering higher losses,〔Tadeusz Swietochowski. Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition. Columbia University Press, 1995. ISBN 0-231-07068-3, ISBN 978-0-231-07068-3〕 which stemmed from Azeri mobs being organized poorly and Dashnaks on the Armenian side being more effective.〔Cornell, Svante. ''Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus'', p. 56.〕 == In Baku == According to van der Leeuw clashes started in early February 1905 over the killing of a Tatar schoolboy and shopkeeper by Armenians.〔 126 Tatars (Azeris) and 218 Armenians were killed during four days of fighting in Baku.〔 Other sources such as Dasnabedian, or Walker claim that Azeris had started the conflict which gave Armenians a reason to give a strong response, Tatars had killed many unarmed Armenians in Baku, in February 1905. Walker also said that, "Tatars were free to massacre with impunity".〔Svante E. Cornell. Small nations and great powers. page 55〕 According to Baku statistic bureau and Tartar-Russian-Armenian committee of Assistance to Victims, 205 Armenians were killed, which included 7 women, 20 children, and 13 elderly, along with 121 wounded; and 111 Tartars were killed, consisting of 2 women and no children or elderly, and as well as 128 injured.〔Saint-Peterburg Vedomosti, 25 May 1905〕 These statistics disprove van der Leeuw's claims that clashes began over a killed Tatar schoolboy. 13 September 1905 — in the Paris edition of the New York Herald: These killings would be the first of three massacres of Baku Armenians in the 20th century (including the September Days in 1918 and the Baku pogrom in 1990) which resulted complete emptying of the city from its Armenian population. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Armenian–Tatar massacres of 1905–07」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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